Pre-workout supplements give you energy for exercise. They stimulate your body and mind so that you can power through even the most demanding workout and are designed to ward off fatigue so you can exercise harder and longer than usual. Many also increase blood flow to deliver a better pump.
Almost any pre-workout can also help you burn more calories and fat, but some are designed specifically for this purpose. These are called thermogenic pre-workouts. But what is the best thermogenic pre-workout supplement?
Thermogenic pre-workout supplements increase your caloric expenditure by generating more heat while you exercise. Thermogenic literally means making heat. The more calories you can burn per workout, the faster you’ll burn fat and lose weight.
Of course, you’ll also need to pay attention to what you eat to burn fat and lose weight, but your dietary efforts should produce better results if you take a thermogenic pre-workout before exercise.
We’ve tried, tested, and reviewed ten of the best pre-workouts for weight loss so you can buy with confidence. Use any of these supplements to not only boost your energy and endurance but also burn more calories and fat per workout.
Best Thermogenic Pre Workouts
Performance Labs make very uniquely formulated products using cutting edge ingredients. Free from harsh stimulants and other unhealthy substances, Performance Labs’ Pre is an effective pre-workout that delivers great energy-boosting results without unwanted side effects.
Key Features
- Glutathione & L-citrulline for strength, endurance, and focus, and to speed up recovery after intense exercise
- Creatine for more energy, enhanced recovery, and increased muscle growth
- Beta-alanine to increase work capacity, delay fatigue, and boost strength
- Himalayan sea salt to replace minerals lost during perspiration and reduce fatigue
- Maritime pine bark extract for increased blood flow and a better pump
- Iron for increased blood oxygen saturation and less fatigue
Unlike a lot of pre-workouts, Performance Lab Pre does not contain caffeine or stimulants. It won’t leave you feeling amped up, anxious, or jittery. Instead, it gently but reliably increases energy and endurance with no unwanted, unpleasant side effects.
Pros
- Safe, effective formulation
- Multi-buy discounts always available
- Easy to take capsules and not a drink mix
- Fast-acting
Cons
- Some users may miss the energizing effect of caffeine
Where most thermogenic pre-workouts contain green tea extract, caffeine, or other stimulants, Performance Lab Pre has none of these ingredients. However, it will still boost your energy so you can work out longer and harder than normal. This is a useful product for anyone who needs a pre-workout but prefers a product with fewer side-effects.
2. Evolution Nutrition ENGN Shred PreWorkout
Features
- Science Based Formula – Try the ENGN Shred pre-workout energy and fat burner support powder with exclusive ingredients including Beta alanine Agmatine Huperzine A L-Carnitine Yohimbe CLA and much more
- Achieve More – Maximize your workouts with enhanced natural energy endurance and intense mental focus thanks to specially engineered blends featuring Betaine and more to amplify your performance
- Clean Complex – We’re proud to use some of the best energizing preworkout ingredients for peak performance including Forskolin and EGCG Green tea extracts to amplify your energy without the crash
- Enhanced Power and Pumps – Our tasty pre workout fat burner support and energy powder works as a sustainable energy source for better muscle endurance metabolism support and nitric oxide production
- Why Evlution Nutrition – EVL is a leading name in effective bodybuilding supplements because we take our quality seriously and only use the finest lab tested performance maximizing ingredients
If you are looking for a thermogenic pre-workout that you can really feel working, this product could be the one you are looking for. Packed with energizing, fatigue-fighting, pump-inducing ingredients, this supplement will also help you burn more calories per workout, so you lose weight faster.
Key Features
- Huperzine A, Alpha GPC, Choline, and L-tyrosine for increased mental focus and drive
- Green coffee bean, green tea, carnosyn, and B-vitamins for energy and endurance
- Agmatine sulfate and betaine for more strength, power, and a better pump
- CLA, L-carnitine, Capsimax, Yohimbe, and coleus for increased metabolism and thermogenesis
This potent thermogenic pre-workout will boost your performance, focus, and recovery while increasing your metabolic rate for better fat burning during exercise. Take one scoop 15-30 minutes before your next workout for an energy boosting-effect you’ll be able to feel.
Pros
- Powerful formulation
- Proven ingredients
- Refreshing flavors
- Well-priced
Cons
- High caffeine content
- Contains some artificial ingredients
With 260mg of caffeine per serving and plenty of other proven ingredients, this product will reliably and noticeably increase your workout energy and metabolism. But, some caffeine-sensitive users may experience some unwanted side effects from what is a very potent product.
3. Six Star Pre-Workout Explosion Ripped
Features
- PRE WORKOUT plus WEIGHT LOSS – Six Star Pre Workout Explosion Ripped is a new, hybrid formula that super-charges both your workout and your weight loss
- Product Note: Exposure to heat or sunlight may lead to melting/damage of product. Hence customers are expected to be available during the product delivery
- PREWORKOUT ENERGY – Each scoop features a precise amount of caffeine (135mg per scoop) as part of the Pre-Workout Explosion Blend. This powerful dose boosts energy for intense workouts. It also enhances focus, metabolism and thermogenesis
- METABOLISM BOOSTER for WEIGHT LOSS – Pre Workout Explosion Ripped features the key ingredient C. canephora robusta, which has been shown in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to help subjects lose weight
- MUSCLE PUMPS – Hardcore muscle pumps are a result of the potent ingredients taurine, L-citrulline, L-citrulline malate and L-arginine hydrochloride
A lot of pre-workout supplements contain huge doses of caffeine. Six Star Pre-Workout Explosion Ripped isn’t one of them! Instead, it provides a modest caffeine hit and a range of alternative ingredients designed to boost energy and fat burning without too many unwanted side effects.
Key Features
- Amino acid complex for muscle building and enhanced post-exercise recovery
- Caffeine anhydrous for energy and thermogenesis
- Green coffee bean extract for enhanced fat burning
- L-tyrosine and L-carnitine to boost metabolism
- Beta-alanine and L-arginine for increased blood flow and a better pump
While this IS a potent formula, it won’t leave you feeling as anxious or jittery as some other stim-heavy pre-workouts can. Instead, it will increase energy, focus, metabolism, and fat burning without unpleasant side effects.
Pros
- Well-formulated product
- No harsh ingredients
- Easy to use
- Fast-acting
Cons
- Only available in one flavor – watermelon
Some users report that this product makes them feel itchy. That’s the L-arginine working. This side effect doesn’t last long, and it’s nothing to be worried about. However, if you are very sensitive to this ingredient, you should avoid this supplement and consider one that is L-arginine-free.
4. RAW Synergies Thermo Pre Thermogenic Fat Burner
Features
- Healthy 2-in-1 Pre Workout Powder and Weight Loss Supplement for Women & Men; Finally, an option without artificial sweeteners, dyes or dangerous stimulants; Trademarked ingredients ensure claims and fast results
- Mental Clarity, Concentration and Alertness Instead Of Crazy Stimulants; This is a preworkout for formulated by a Doctor of Pharmacy made for results and safety, ThermoPRE is a supplement that works but is still safe
- Sustained Energy and Increased Fat Burning; Clinically proven capsimax is a thermogenic metabolism booster that burns fat for energy, Teacrine is often referred to as the best non-habit forming energy ingredient on the market. As a dietary supplement mix 1-2 scoops of thermo pre in 8-16 ounces of water & consume 30-60 minutes prior to training.For those sensitive to caffeine, begin with one-half scoop
- Best Preworkout for Cardio and Running; This all natural pre workout drink isn’t just for lifting weights, KSM-66 Ashwagandha helps elevate better sports performance including endurance and response to fatigue
- The Spark Needed to Earn the Ideal Beach Body; You’ve probably realized at this point, there’s no magic product but Thermo Pre was meant to deliver in a way no other fat burner can. Focused on health and wellness, this non-stop energy is backed by science
This three-in-one product is designed to boost energy, enhance your mood, and increase thermogenesis for better, more productive workouts. While it is marketed as a product for women, there is no reason that men can’t use it too. It’s ideal for use before cardio or strength training.
Key Features
- Beta-alanine for increased blood flow and endurance
- Acetyl-L-carnitine for increased metabolism and fat burning
- Ashwagandha extract and cognizin citicoline for less stress and a more stable mood
- Caffeine for increased energy, thermogenesis, and fat burning
- Capsimax to increase metabolism and boost thermogenesis
- Bioperine black pepper extract for thermogenesis and to increase the potency of the other ingredients
This product contains 250mg of caffeine per serving – about the same amount as 2 ½ cups of coffee. However, instead of harsh caffeine anhydrous, it’s sourced from coffee arabica fruit, so it’s much less likely to cause adverse side effects.
Pros
- Multi-action formula
- Proven ingredients
- Fast-acting
- Easy to use
- Sweetened with monk fruit and not artificial chemicals
Cons
- Only available in one flavor
- It may contain too much caffeine for some users
Users report that this product provides a noticeable boost in energy and fat burning with no jitters or post-workout energy crash. It’s not the cheapest thermogenic pre-workout on review, but it’s a tough product to beat for effects vs. unwanted side effects.
5. MuscleTech Vapor X5 Ripped Pre-Workout
Features
- PRE WORKOUT plus WEIGHT LOSS – Vapor X5 Ripped is a new, hybrid pre-workout / weight loss supplement. This formula combines popular pre workout and sensory ingredients with a scientifically studied weight loss driver to deliver a truly complete experience
- Product Note: Exposure to heat or sunlight may lead to melting/damage of product. Hence customers are expected to be available during the product delivery
- METABOLISM BOOSTER – Each scoop features a precise amount of caffeine (150mg) as part of the Extreme Energy Matrix. This powerful dose boosts energy for intense workouts. It also enhances focus, metabolism and thermogenesis
- WEIGHT LOSS SUPPORT – Vapor X5 Ripped features the key ingredient C. canephora robusta, which has been shown in two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies to help subjects lose weight
- NITRIC OXIDE BOOSTER – Vapor X5 Ripped features hawthorn berry and L-citrulline, an amino acid that is metabolized in the body into arginine and nitric oxide
MuscleTech makes some of the most potent and popular sports and fitness supplements around. Vapor X5 is designed to maximize workout intensity while enhancing your mood and focus, increasing fat burning and thermogenesis as it does so.
Key Features
- L-citrulline, beta-alanine, and hawthorn extract for increased blood flow and a better pump
- Taurine, caffeine, and Yohimbe for increased energy
- Choline bitrate and L-theanine for increased focus and a more positive mood
- L-carnitine, rosemary, and Robusta coffee bean extract for weight loss and fat burning
Available in two flavors, this product has a pleasant, refreshing taste and is very fast-acting. It contains a range of proven ingredients and is formulated to enhance every aspect of your workout, from fat-burning to mental focus to endurance to energy to recovery. This supplement is a great all-rounder.
Pros
- Powerful formula
- Great flavors
- Very fast-acting
- Mixes easily
- Well-priced
Cons
- Formula changes often
MuscleTech produces a wide range of products and are always revising their formulas. If you really like this product, consider buying it in bulk because, in a few months, they’ll probably change it! This issue aside, Vapor X5 is (currently) a very effective supplement that delivers reliable results, and it tastes good too!
6.Universal Nutrition Animal Cuts
Animal Cuts
Features
- All in One Fat Burning Agent: This next level shredding supplement is backed by real research on ingredients that actually assist in burning fat for both men and women
- 17 Fat Burning Ingredients: Our comprehensive formula has Tyrosine, Choline, Caffeine, Green Tea Extract to give your metabolism a kick in the rear
- Convenient Grab-and-Go Packs: Each dose of Cuts is in its own individual pack that you can throw in your gym bag, work bag, or just leave it in the tin; no messy powder, no spilling, no clumping; if you don’t need stim, just remove the red caffeine pill
- Made to the Highest Quality & Safety Standards: All of our products are produced in our GMP certified US plant, and every batch is 3rd party lab tested for quality, safety and potency; thanks to our intentional formulations our products work synergistically across our range
- Trusted by Performance Athletes for More than 40 Years: Animal is family-owned and has pushed sports nutrition forward, that’s how we’ve earned the trust of dedicated strength and performance athletes who know that we are all built, not born
Universal Nutrition has been making fitness supplements for over 30 years. Their products are powerful, easy to use, and very well formulated. Animal Cuts is their popular weight loss thermogenic, and while it’s not explicitly designed as a pre-workout, it should give you an energy boost if you take it shortly before exercise.
Key Features
- Caffeine anhydrous, kola nut, guarana, yerba mate, raspberry ketones, coleus forskohlii, and evodiamine for energy and focus
- Green, white, and black tea leaf extract and coffee bean extract for increased fat burning and thermogenesis
- L-tyrosine, olive leaf extract, and salvia officinalis for better thyroid function
- DMAE, cocoa powder, bacopa monniera, and Huperzine A for mood and concentration
- Ashwagandha, magnolia bark, and eleuthero coccus root to reduce cortisol and stress
- Dandelion root, Juniper berry fruit, and celery seed to help shed excess water weight
- Cha-de-bugre, apple pectin, and cinnamon for increased insulin sensitivity and carbohydrate metabolism
- Ginger root, cayenne, grapefruit peel, quercetin, and black pepper extract to increase the potency of the other ingredients.
A dose of Animal Cuts is made up of a pack of nine individual pills, taken twice a day. This means you can customize your intake according to your needs. For example, if you don’t want the stim-effect, you can skip the red pill. No other weight loss supplement offers this degree of personalization or versatility.
Pros
- Proven formula
- Customize your intake to match your needs and goals
- Used by professional bodybuilders and other athletes
Cons
- 18 capsules per day
- Not designed for long-term use
- Very expensive
According to Universal Nutrition, you should take Animal Cuts for three weeks and then take a week off. It’s so powerful that taking it without a break could cause unwanted side effects. If you want to use this product as a pre-workout, save the red pill and take it 15-30 minutes before you are due to work out.
However, you should not take the red pill too close to bedtime as it may stop you from sleeping.
7. ProSupps Mr. Hyde NitroX Pre-Workout
ProSupps® Mr. Hyde® NitroX
Features
- Energy.Strength.Focus.Pumps. If you're looking for the BEST PRE-WORKOUT available with 2X THE ENERGY of leading brands, MR HYDE NITROX is for you. Our unique formula includes a hard to beat 400mg caffeine matrix, and is powered by Yohimbe, TeaCrine, Creatine HCL and Nitrosigine, which delivers you intense energy, increased power output, enhanced strength and sustained pumps.
- 10 Great Tasting Flavors – Mr. Hyde NitroX was formulated with world-class flavors including Blue Razz Popsicle, Cherry Popsicle, Pixie Dust, Cotton Candy, Lollipop Punch, Sour Green Apple, What-O-Melon & Purple Lime Rickey.
- Mr. Hyde NitroX is packed with double – yes, double – the energy of the leading brand. Powered by Yohimbe and TeaCrine for workout-changing energy & focus. Plus Nitrosigine for bigger pumps.
- Committed Quality: ProSupps is committed to providing products that contain the most effective, 3rd party tested and safe ingredients. Our products are held to the highest standards, are free of Picamilon / Pikatropin and are only manufactured in facilities that employ cGMP practices.
- 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed: ProSupps is committed to providing you with products that taste great and work as hard as you do. That's why we offer a 30-day, 100% satisfaction guarantee. Results. Period! Packaging may vary.
ProSupps Mr. Hyde is designed to bring out your inner beast! Packed with potent, proven ingredients, this supplement will boost your energy, endurance, power, and focus so that you can give every workout your all.
Key Features
- Beta-alanine, creatine, arginine, and L-citrulline for energy and endurance
- Caffeine anhydrous, di-caffeine malate, and caffeine citric acid blend for energy and thermogenesis
- Choline bitartrate, theanine, N-acetyl tyrosine, theacrine, GABA, and Yohimbe bark for energy, focus, and increased exercise performance
Be warned; this is a very powerful supplement. With 420mg of caffeine per serving, your energy levels will go through the roof when you take this supplement! But it also contains additional fat burning, thermogenic ingredients to ensure you get the best possible results from your workouts.
Pros
- Potent formula
- Fast-acting
- Easy to use
- Great range of flavors
Cons
- It May contain too much caffeine for some users
425mg of caffeine is the equivalent of four cups of coffee in one hit. No wonder this product works! But, if that’s too much caffeine for you, just take half a serving for a slightly less intense pre-workout boost. One thing is for sure, you’ll definitively feel this product working.
8. PEScience Prolific Pre-Workout
PEScience Prolific
Features
- INCREDIBLE VALUE – Each container of Prolific contains 40 scoops, providing 20 to 40 workouts, which is nearly twice the industry standard in serving size.
- ENERGY – Featuring 2 forms of caffeine and multiple energy optimizers for smooth, jitter free zero crash, Prolific will guide you through even the most intense workouts.
- FOCUS – With cognitive boosting or "nootropic" ingredients like citicoline, Prolific unleashes the ultimate mind muscle connection that you need to dial things up to max.
- PUMP – NITRIC OXIDE – Prolific contains 6000mg of PURE L-Citrulline (NOT MALATE!) in every two scoop dose. L-Citrulline is renowned for its ability to increase nitric oxide, and has been shown in clinical studies to incease endurance, lean body mass, and strength training.
- AMAZING TASTE | MIXABILITY | Available in several incredible flavors.
This pre-workout supplement is designed to increase your energy, endurance, and focus while delivering a powerful pump. It’s not explicitly marketed as a thermogenic, but it does contain some ingredients that could boost your metabolism and help you burn fat faster.
Key Features
- L-citrulline for increased endurance and faster recovery
- Betaine anhydrous for increased blood flow and a better pump
- Taurine for energy and focus
- Caffeine to increase energy, fat burning, focus, and endurance
- Citicoline for less stress and a better mood
- L-theanine for increased concentration
- Rhodiola Rosea extract to reduce stress and improve focus
- Coffee fruit extract to boost muscle and brain function and performance
Where a lot of pre-workouts are all about boosting your physical performance, this product also addresses the mental aspects of exercise. Feeling more focused and driven, you should be able to push your body to its limits to get even better results. And, the harder you work, the more calories you’ll burn for faster fat loss.
Pros
- Designed to boost energy without a crash
- Boosts mental and physical performance
- Fast-acting
- Minimal side effects
Cons
- Only available in one flavor
This supplement only contains modest amounts of caffeine, so most people should be able to use it with minimal side effects. That said, it’s still a potent product made with proven ingredients. If you value mental as much as physical performance, this is the pre-workout you need.
9. Cellucor C4 Ultimate Pre-Workout
Features
- America's #1 Pre-Workout Brand
- 300mg of Caffeine Per Serving
- 6g Citrulline Malate
- 3.2g CarnoSyn Beta-Alanine
- 1.5g Creatine Nitrate (NO3-T)
Cellucor makes some of the best sports supplements and pre-workouts around. C4 is potent and popular and contains everything you need to power through your next workout. It’s not a pure thermogenic, but it should still help you burn more calories and lose weight faster.
Key Features
- Vitamins and minerals for natural energy and health
- Citrulline malate for non-stim energy and stamina
- Beta-alanine for strength and power
- Creatine for energy, endurance, recovery, and muscle building
- Betaine anhydrous for less fatigue
- Nitrosigine for more energy and better workout performance
- Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate for improved blood flow to working muscles
- N-acetyl-L-tyrosine for increased concentration
- Caffeine anhydrous, theacrine, and taurine for energy and focus
- Velvet bean seed extract to enhance mood and increase energy
- A-GPC to support cognitive function
- Huperzine A for focus and a more stable, positive mood
C4 is another pre-workout designed to enhance both physical and mental performance. If you need a supplement that will help you get in the mood to exercise and then give you the energy you need to crush your workout, this product is an excellent choice.
Pros
- Well-rounded formula
- Easy to mix
- Very potent
- Benefits your body and mind
Cons
- Expensive
- Only available in one flavor
- High caffeine content
We all have days when we don’t just feel physically tired, but mentally tired too. The nootropic ingredients in C4 will help boost your body and brain, leading to the best workouts ever! This is an EXPLOSIVE pre-workout supplement.
10. RSP Amino Lean
Features
- Pre Workout for Men and Women– 125mg of natural caffeine provides a clean, sustained boost of energy along with enhanced mental focus to help you crush your workout and maintain alertness throughout the day.
- Product Note: Exposure to heat or sunlight may lead to melting/damage of product. Hence customers are expected to be available during the product delivery
- Natural Amino Energy – Naturally sourced caffeine means AminoLean can be taken any time of day with no jitters or crash. Use it as a preworkout powder, morning coffee replacement, or afternoon pick-me-up.
- BCAA & EAA Amino Acids – 5g of branched chain amino acids and essential amino acids help improve workout performance and offers a more complete amino profile than typical BCAA powder.
- CLA, L-Carnitine, Green Tea – An optimal blend of these 3 diet friendly ingredients promotes natural weight management in combination with your exercise program to help maintain a healthy, lean physique year-round.
This supplement is designed to help you work out harder and longer and also recover faster. It contains proven fat-fighting, metabolism-boosting ingredients and comes in a range of very refreshing flavors.
Key Features
- Amino acid blend to prevent muscle break down, provide energy, and speed up recovery after exercise
- L-carnitine, CLA, green tea extract, and green coffee bean extract to enhance fat loss and boost metabolism
- Natural caffeine for energy, focus, and fat burning
Amino Lean by RSP is an unusual product in that it contains a high proportion of amino acids, something that most thermogenic pre-workouts do not have. Amino acids are derived from protein and can help preserve or even build muscle during a low-calorie diet.
Pros
- 70 servings per canister
- Great flavors
- Modest caffeine content
- GMP-certified
- Well formulated and fast-acting
Cons
- Contains milk, so not suitable for vegans or anyone with a severe lactose intolerance
With just 125mg of caffeine per serving, this supplement won’t leave you feeling anxious or jittery. However, it will still boost your energy, fat burning, and workout performance without the use of harsh stimulants. Amino Lean is an effective fat burner and energizer, but it doesn’t rely on huge amounts of caffeine to fire you up.
Key Information
Please consider the following before buying or using a thermogenic pre-workout:
How do thermogenic pre-workouts work?
Thermogenic pre-workout supplements contain various ingredients to boost your metabolism and give you energy for exercise. It just so happens that a lot of energizing ingredients also exhibit a thermogenic effect, so almost all pre-workout energizers are also useful for speeding up fat loss.
Common ingredients in thermogenic pre-workouts include caffeine, green tea and green coffee bean extract, Yohimbe, capsaicin, and other herbs and plant extracts.
While most thermogenic pre-workouts have a potent energizing effect, their effectiveness for fat burning is relatively small. Their main advantage/benefit is that they allow you to exercise harder and longer than usual, and it’s that factor that leads to increased fat burning.
Thermogenics increase body temperature, and that increases your caloric expenditure. If you are on a low-calorie diet, those extra calories will come from your body fat.
While thermogenic fat burners undoubtedly work, they can’t make up for a poor diet or infrequent workouts. However, they will multiply your efforts, so you get better results from your diet and workout plan.
How to use a thermogenic pre-workout
You should use your thermogenic pre-workout in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. The different formulations often need to be used in different ways. For example, some products are faster acting than others, while there are also supplements that come in capsule rather than powder form.
Read and follow your product’s instructions carefully and do not exceed the recommended dose.
Do they cause any side effects?
Thermogenic pre-workouts are generally safe to use, but that doesn’t mean they won’t cause unwanted side effects. Common complaints about thermogenic pre-workouts include:
Nausea
Headaches
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Itchy skin/rashes
Elevated heart rate
Anxiety
Jitters
Restlessness
Dizziness
Insomnia
If you experience any of these side effects, you should reduce your dose by half. This should stop many of the issues associated with this type of product. Increase your intake gradually as you develop a tolerance to it.
You may also wish to avoid products with ingredients that are more likely to trigger unwanted side effects, such as caffeine, beta-alanine, and L-arginine.
Bottom Line
Thermogenic pre-workout supplements are designed to boost your energy for exercise. Exercising harder and longer than usual will speed up fat loss. But, this isn’t their only mechanism. These supplements also increase your metabolic rate, so you burn more calories as you work out. This provides a real one-two punch that should help you lose weight and burn fat even faster.
But, as effective as thermogenic pre-workouts can be, they won’t work unless you do. You still need to eat less to create a calorie deficit and exercise regularly to force your body to burn extra energy. But, adding one of these supplements to your weight loss regimen should mean you make faster, easier progress.
There are lots of different products to choose from, and where some contain lots of caffeine, others are all but caffeine-free. There are also drink mixes and capsules to choose from. They all work, so it’s a matter of selecting the one that matches your needs and budget best.
Exercising for weight loss can be challenging, but using any of these products will make your fat loss journey a little bit easier. Work hard, use a well-chosen supplement, and you’ll reach your goals sooner.
Patrick
Patrick Dale is an ex-British Royal Marine and owner and lecturer for a fitness qualifications company. In addition to training prospective personal trainers, Patrick has also authored three fitness and exercise books, dozens of e-books, thousands of articles, and several fitness videos.
